Bill Drayton and Ashoka: Defining Social Enterpreneurship

Vinoba’s stupendous Bhoodaan effort was drawing attention in the west. In the United States, major articles on Vinoba appeared in the New York Times, the New Yorker and on the cover of Time as well. If it was Gandhi who influenced Vinoba as a 20 year old, little did anyone know that Vinoba was going to inspire another 20 year old, albeit, on the other side of the world.

In 1963, Bill Drayton, a 20 year old student from Harvard was spending his summer break at Munich, Germany when he first heard of Vinoba's Bhoodaan. He was so inspired by Vinoba's simple idea that he decided to drive his red and white Volkswagen van from Munich to India to join him. Bill joined Vinoba on his foot march and witnessed the power of a simple idea by a single person to bring out a massive social change. This experience left a mark on him.

Back to Harvard, Bill started an inter-disciplinary forum called "Ashoka Table" where students could interact with officials from the government and the industry. It was here that he nurtured a greater vision. Following his studies at Harvard, Yale and Oxford and working at McKinsey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, in 1980 Bill formed "Ashoka", his dream venture to create real change worldwide. Ashoka was named after the visionary and benovolent Indian emperor of 3rd century BC.

Bill Drayton's idea was simple, yet pathbreaking. He knew that throughout the world, while governments were inefficient in their working to bring social changes, and private sector was motivated only by profit, real social change had to come from the "Citizen Sector". His idea was to model what he called "Social Entrepreneurship" which would combine the pragmatic and results-oriented methods of a business entrepreneur with the goals of a social reformer.

Imagine a social Enterpreneur in a remote village in Bangladesh being assisted by McKinsey in management consulting, Hill & Knowlton in public relations expertise, and by the International Senior Lawyers Project in legal support. This is not a utopian tale but how an "Ashoka fellow" works. Entrepreneurs funded by Ashoka, known as Fellows, are given financial support, are connected to its vast network of other Fellows, and are provided with the expertise and advice of firms in partnership with Ashoka.

The term "Social Enterpreneurship", that Bill Drayton coined 20 years ago is a buzz word today in B-Schools like Harvard, Yale and Oxford. Almost all top B-Schools have now courses on Social Enterpreneurship. More importantly, the 1500 odd Ashoka fellows spread throughout the world have become effective changemakers in bringing a positive change to the world.

Bill Drayton was named in 2005 by the Center for Public Leadership, Harvard University as one of “America’s Best Leaders” along with other luminaries like Bill and Melinda Gates, Larry Page and Sergey Brin, Steve Jobs and Oprah Winfrey.

References:

--> Video - Bill Drayton speaks at Google (Must Watch!)
--> Center for Public Leadership, Harvard University
--> US News interview with Bill Drayton

Vinoba Bhave: Pillar of Community Leadership

The year was 1916. A 21 year old young brahmin from Maharashtra was undergoing a period of extreme unrest. His thirst for learning was not quenched by formal education. On his way to Mumbai to take his intermediate examination, he took a fateful decision, put his school and college certificates in a fire and decided to go to Varanasi to study Sanskrit and Theology.

The young brahmin while continuing his Sanskrit studies at Varanasi, faced another dielemma. On the one hand he wanted to go to the Himalayas to become a hermit, there was also a desire in him to go to Bengal to join the freedom struggle against the British. But destiny had it's way. He happened to meet Mahatma Gandhi, and history was made. The young brahmin's name was Acharya Vinoba Bhave.

Vinoba is probably the greatest Gandhian until today. As Vinoba later said, he had found in Gandhi the peace of the Himalayas united with the revolutionary fervor of Bengal. And Gandhi admired Vinoba equally, commenting that Vinoba understood Gandhian thought better than he himself did. Vinoba was chosen by Gandhi in 1940 to be the first individual Satyagrahi. A multi-lingual scholar, he spent years in jail interpreting Gita during the freedom struggle.

After India attained her independence in 1947, Vinoba preferred a secluded ashram life as he had no innate desire to be a leader. But it was to be only until 1951.

In April 1951, Vinoba Bhave after attending the Sarvodaya conference in a village in Andhra, started his peace-trek on foot through the violence-torn region of Telangana. The Indian army had been called in since there was an insurgency of communist students and the poorest harijan villagers against the monopoly of rich landlords. Vinoba saw a solution to this turmoil.

He announced that he would walk all through the region to collect gifts of land and would redistribute it among the landless. The movement was called Bhoodaan — "gift of the land". He had started a social revolution. Over the next seven weeks, Vinoba asked for donations of land for the landless in 200 villages of Telangana. The response was overwhelming. In Telangana, the gift of land averaged 200 acres of land per day.

The Indian government was delighted. Nehru wanted him to come to New Delhi and discuss Bhoodaan with the National Planning Commission, He offered to send a plane to fly Vinoba back but he refused and said he would come by walk. He walked, with members of his ashram to New Delhi, which was 795 miles away.

He walked for 13 years throughout India. He had left Paunar on September 12, 1951 and returned on April 10, 1964, He marched through state after state including Andhra, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and others. He recieved 23 lakh acres of land alone in Bihar. He was relentless in his efforts despite suffering from acute malaria and intestinal ulcer.

Vinoba Bhave and his followers had collected around 4 million acres of land and about half a million families had been benefitted. He had achieved what the Indian Government had failed in years of land reform.

Vinoba continued to inspire new social movements until mid 70's after which he continued with his spritual pursuits. He breathed his last on November 15th, 1982.

Acharya Vinoba Bhave was awarded the first ever Ramon Magsaysay award for Community Leadership in 1958 and was posthumously awarded the Bharat Ratna in 1983.

References:

--> Gandhi Today - By Mark Shepard
--> Original Cover Story on Time Magazine (April 11 1953)

Dalai Lama visits UB

The 14th Dalai Lama, the head of state in exile of Tibet and spiritual leader of the Tibetan people visited SUNY at Buffalo as part of 2006-07 Distinguished Speakers Series. The visit was on September 18-20, 2006. A State University of New York honorary doctorate in humane letters was awarded to His Holiness. Dalai Lama addressed a sellout crowd of 30,000 gathered in UB Stadium as part of the university's Distinguished Speakers Series.

The Dalai Lama fled Tibet in 1959 after the Chinese takeover and continues to live in exile in Dharamsala, India. He is the recipient of Nobel Peace Prize in 1989.

Listen to his speech here.

Watch the video here.

Picture Perfect

A summer's evening around 5-ish. I am waiting for her. It must have rained for a little while by then. There was this distinctive smell of the earth when it rains on a summer day, it was irresistible. Add a mild breeze to it.

There were a few tiny tots dressed cute and lovely playing around. I love kids. They also make great subjects for taking pictures, but they aren't easy as they flex one or the other muscle, before you take a shot. I try a few, I know I am not happy with the ones I could take. I manage to get hold of a Caribou's coffee, I like them better these days than Starbucks. I would have preferred a Tim Hortons' if I were in Buffalo or anywhere in Canada. Yeah, nothing beats filter coffee from SLV or UD. Back to the scene, the coffee smells great. I only needed a glimpse of her, it was already intoxicating!

I stroll a bit. She was supposed to be there by 6, time was ticking but I was a little early. Then I think, I couldn't have waited for so long. It was already a month since I saw her last. damn! It strikes me then, I was at the wrong place, I was supposed to see her a few blocks away. But it wasn't far. I could take a walk from there. I start walking. I am still thinking as well. I know I shouldn't be doing both. I am reminded of Zen's mindless meditation. I have always wondered how it actually works, if it is possible to pursue it as a way of life. I bring my mind back to what I was thinking. I start wondering what she might be wearing today. She was wearing a black skirt and a black top, the last time we met. and she looked great! I had managed to sneak in a couple of snaps without her knowledge! Ya! They have come out pretty decent, though she looked a lot better in real. But It ain't easy to shoot when you don't wan't someone to know that they are being shot. I stop walking, take a breath. I was at the right place, 5 minutes before 6.

Time ticks by. It was already 30 minutes past six. and there were no signs of her. I had a lot of things to talk to her. The one thing we had in common was the love for music. She is a violonist. and does she play it well! She hasn't been exposed to Indian music. But I do love celtic music a lot. If you listen to Knopfler, you would know that he is influenced by celtic music, he was born in Scotland. There is an infuence of Scottish and Irish folk music on Jazz as well, there is also what is known as celtic Jazz, which I haven't heard much.

It was already 7 and was getting a little dark. What if she doesn't come, I think.. She couldn't do that, I still remember the last time we met and she was playing her violin, She used to glance at me with an assured smile, that couldn't be deceptive.. hmmm..

I think maybe I should call her. I had taken her number, though I wasn't sure if it was her personal phone. I call. I could hear a man's voice on the phone, though it wasn't very clear. I ask for her, he says that the concert was cancelled for the day, and the band had moved back to Ireland.

It starts raining heavily, I run for shelter.

Dard se mera daaman bhar de...

dard se mera daaman bharde, ya allah
phir chahe deewana karde, ya allah

(Fill my lap with pain, and make me insane if you desire)

maine tujh se chand sitare kab mange,
roushan dil, bedaar nazar de, ya allah

(I never asked you for moon or stars, But give me a heart that is enlightened and eyes that are lit)

suraj si ek cheez to hum sab dekh chuke,
sachmuch ki ab koi saher de, ya allah

(We have all seen the sun, But show us now a dawn that is for real)

ya dharti ke zakhmon per marham rakhde,
ya mera dil patthar kar de, ya allah

(Take away the pains of this earth, Or make my heart into a stone)

It has been around ten years that I heard this song for the first time and it has haunted me ever since. "Dard se mera daaman bhar de" is a beautiful, soulful number sung by the one-and-only Lata Mangeshkar. The pathos and the helplessness that comes out of the song is a heart-wrenching experience and it is a tribute to both the singer and the lyricist.

Listen to the song here.

Singer: Lata Mangeshkar
Album: Sajda
Lyricist: Qateel Shafai
Music: Jagjit Singh